Bihari Kadhi

Ingredients

• - 1 cup yogurt whisked
• - 3 tbsp besan (gram flour)
• - 4 cups water
• - 1 tsp turmeric
• - 1 tsp red chilli powder
• - Salt to taste
• - For pakodis: 1/2 cup besan, 1 onion chopped, 1 green chilli, salt, oil for frying
• - For tempering: 1 tbsp ghee, 1 tsp cumin, 1 tsp mustard seeds, 2 dried red chillies, pinch hing

Method

1. About Bihari Kadhi: Bihari kadhi is thinner and slightly more sour than Punjabi kadhi. Served with plain rice it is the definitive weekday lunch — the kind of meal Bihari families eat regularly throughout the year. The dish balances tangy yogurt, savoury besan, sweet onion fritters (pakodis), and a fragrant tempering — combining many flavours and textures into a single comforting bowl.
2. Understand the components: Three preparations are needed — the yogurt-besan kadhi (the gravy), the pakodis (besan fritters), and the tempering (tadka). Each is straightforward, but timing matters: the pakodis need to soak in the kadhi to soften, and the tempering goes on at the very end.
3. START WITH THE PAKODIS:
4. Mix the pakodi batter: In a wide bowl combine 1/2 cup besan (gram flour), 1 finely chopped small onion (about 1/4 cup), 1 finely chopped green chilli, salt to taste (about 1/4 tsp), and 1/4 tsp baking soda (optional, for fluffier pakodis).
5. Whisk the batter: Add 4-5 tbsp cold water gradually, whisking with a fork. The batter should be thick — like thick pancake batter, holding its shape on a spoon but pourable.
6. Let the batter rest: Cover and rest for 5 minutes.
7. Heat the oil: Pour neutral cooking oil into a deep heavy pan to a depth of at least 4cm. Place over medium heat.
8. Test the oil temperature: Drop a tiny droplet of batter into the oil. It should sink briefly, rise to surface within 5 seconds, and start sizzling.
9. Fry the pakodis: Drop spoonfuls (about 2 tsp each) of batter into the hot oil. Fry 4-5 at a time. Cook for 3-4 minutes, turning once, until uniformly golden brown.
10. Drain on paper: Lift out with a slotted spoon and drain on kitchen paper. Set aside.
11. NOW MAKE THE KADHI:
12. Prepare the yogurt-besan mixture: In a large bowl combine 1 cup whisked yogurt, 3 tbsp besan, and 4 cups water. Whisk thoroughly with a fork or whisk for 2 minutes — the mixture must be completely smooth, no besan lumps. Lumps will not dissolve later and produce ugly white specks in the kadhi.
13. The critical smoothness: Use a fine-mesh sieve to strain the mixture if you spot any lumps. Smooth kadhi is the foundation of good kadhi.
14. Add dry spices: Add 1 tsp turmeric powder, 1 tsp red chilli powder, and salt to taste — about 3/4 tsp. Whisk to combine.
15. Use a heavy pot: Use a heavy-bottomed pot or kadhai. The kadhi simmers for a while; thin pots scorch the bottom.
16. The critical low-heat cooking: Pour the yogurt-besan mixture into the pot. Place over medium heat. Stir constantly with a wooden spoon as it heats. Bring slowly to a boil — about 5-7 minutes of constant stirring.
17. Why constant stirring: Yogurt curdles when heated rapidly. Stirring prevents the yogurt from sitting in one spot too long, which is what causes curdling. Once the kadhi reaches a boil, it stops curdling.
18. The boiling point: Once the kadhi is bubbling, stop stirring constantly. Reduce heat to low.
19. The long simmer: Simmer on low heat for 20 minutes, stirring every 2-3 minutes. The kadhi will gradually thicken slightly and the besan will fully cook through (raw besan is unpleasant).
20. Watch the consistency: After 20 minutes, the kadhi should be slightly thicker than at the start — like thin soup, definitely not a thick gravy. Bihari kadhi is thinner than Punjabi kadhi.
21. Add the pakodis: Add the fried pakodis to the simmering kadhi. They will sink initially, then float as they absorb liquid.
22. The critical pakodi soak: Cook for 5 more minutes after adding pakodis. The pakodis will absorb the kadhi and become soft and saturated with flavour.
23. Adjust the consistency: After the pakodis go in, the kadhi may thicken (the pakodis absorb water). Add 1/2 cup hot water if too thick.
24. NOW MAKE THE TEMPERING:
25. The critical tempering: Make the tempering just before serving. Heat 1 tbsp ghee in a small pan over medium-high heat. Heat for 30 seconds until very hot.
26. Add cumin and mustard seeds: Add 1 tsp whole cumin seeds and 1 tsp mustard seeds. Within 5-10 seconds the mustard will start popping vigorously and the cumin will turn golden.
27. Add dried chillies and hing: Add 2 dried red chillies (broken in half) and a pinch of asafoetida (hing). Fry for 30 seconds.
28. The critical pour-over: Pour the sizzling tempering over the kadhi. The kadhi will hiss dramatically and the kitchen will fill with the aroma.
29. Do not stir vigorously: Stir gently to distribute the tempering through the kadhi.
30. Let rest briefly: Switch off the heat. Let rest for 5 minutes — this lets the tempering flavours fully infuse.
31. Final taste check: The kadhi should hit you with multiple flavours — tangy creamy yogurt, savoury besan, sweet pakodis, warming cumin, sharp mustard, gentle chilli, savoury hing. Adjust salt to your liking.
32. Garnish: Sprinkle 2 tbsp finely chopped fresh coriander over the top.
33. Serve with plain rice: The traditional Bihari pairing is plain steamed rice. The thin kadhi is meant to be poured generously over rice — the rice absorbs the kadhi and the pakodis become the protein-rich bites.
34. Serve with rotis: For a different feel, kadhi also pairs with rotis. The bread is dipped into the kadhi and used to scoop pakodis.
35. For a complete meal: Pair with a small portion of pickle and a vegetable side dish. The kadhi is filling enough to be the main dish in a vegetarian Bihari meal.
36. Serving as comfort food: Kadhi is the ultimate Bihari comfort food — eaten when feeling unwell, when wanting something light, or simply when wanting something familiar. Many Bihari families have kadhi at least once a week.
37. For invalids: The probiotic yogurt, easily digestible besan, and gentle spicing make kadhi suitable for those recovering from illness.
38. A cultural note: Kadhi exists across many regional Indian cuisines — Punjabi, Gujarati, Sindhi, Maharashtrian — each with its own personality. The Bihari version is distinguished by its thinner consistency, slightly more pronounced sour character, and the cumin-mustard tempering. Tasting the regional variations is one of the great pleasures of exploring Indian regional cooking.
39. Leftover storage: Stored in the fridge in an airtight container, kadhi keeps for 3-4 days and tastes even better the next day after the flavours have deepened. The pakodis absorb more kadhi overnight, becoming richer. Reheat gently on the stovetop with 1/4 cup warm water if too thick — never microwave at high power, which can curdle the yogurt.